Inclusive English Language Teaching for Students with Disabilities: A Systematic Literature Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59837/jpnmb.v2i11.799Keywords:
ELT inklusif, siswa disabilitas, diferensiasi pembelajaran, teknologi bantu, strategi adaptifAbstract
Pendidikan inklusif telah menjadi fokus penting dalam sistem pendidikan global, menekankan kesempatan belajar yang setara bagi semua siswa, termasuk siswa dengan disabilitas. Dalam konteks Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris (English Language Teaching/ELT), guru menghadapi tantangan dalam merancang strategi pembelajaran yang dapat mengakomodasi kebutuhan linguistik, kognitif, dan fisik yang beragam di dalam kelas reguler. Penelitian ini merupakan systematic literature review (SLR) terhadap 60 artikel peer-reviewed yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2010 hingga 2024, dipilih dari 250 artikel awal di database Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, dan Google Scholar. Mengikuti kerangka PRISMA, kajian ini menelaah karakteristik studi, metode penelitian, kelompok sasaran, dan strategi pengajaran yang digunakan. Analisis tematik mengidentifikasi empat pendekatan utama dalam ELT inklusif: diferensiasi pembelajaran, teknologi bantu, strategi pengajaran adaptif, dan interaksi kolaboratif di kelas. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa diferensiasi pembelajaran meningkatkan keterlibatan dengan menyesuaikan tugas berdasarkan kemampuan individu, teknologi bantu meningkatkan aksesibilitas dan pemahaman, strategi adaptif mendukung pembelajaran melalui scaffolding dan materi multimodal, serta kegiatan kolaboratif mendorong perkembangan bahasa dan inklusi sosial. Kajian ini juga menyoroti tren penelitian global, dengan sebagian besar studi dilakukan di Asia, Eropa, dan Amerika Utara, serta keragaman metode penelitian (kualitatif, kuantitatif, dan campuran). Meskipun strategi-strategi tersebut efektif, terdapat beberapa kekurangan dalam literatur, termasuk penelitian longitudinal terbatas, laporan hasil belajar yang tidak konsisten, dan intervensi untuk tipe disabilitas tertentu yang masih jarang diteliti. Hasil kajian ini memberikan panduan berbasis bukti bagi guru, pengembang kurikulum, dan pembuat kebijakan untuk menciptakan lingkungan pembelajaran bahasa Inggris yang inklusif, aksesibel, dan efektif.
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