Kajian Literatur: Sebaran, Karakteristik, dan Dampak Mikroplastik terhadap Ekosistem Terestrial di Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.59837/jpnmb.v3i2.966Keywords:
mikroplastik, ekosistem terestrial, dampak mikroplastikAbstract
Pencemaran mikroplastik telah menjadi isu lingkungan yang semakin mendapat perhatian karena tidak hanya mencemari ekosistem perairan tapi juga ekosistem terestrial. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk menelaah sebaran, karakteristik, dan dampak mikroplastik terhadap ekosistem terestrial di Indonesia. Penelitian menggunakan metode literature review dengan mengacu pada pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Pencarian literatur dilakukan melalui basis data Google Scholar dan ScienceDirect menggunakan kata kunci yang berkaitan dengan mikroplastik dan ekosistem terestrial. Sebanyak 30 artikel diidentifikasi, kemudian diseleksi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sehingga diperoleh 16 artikel yang memenuhi tahap penyaringan, dan 8 artikel dipilih sebagai bahan analisis. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif melalui analisis hasil penelitian yang telah dipublikasikan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa mikroplastik telah ditemukan pada tanah pertanian, kompos, air tanah, lindi tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA), bahan pangan, satwa liar, dan manusia. Bentuk mikroplastik yang dominan adalah fragmen dan serat (fiber), sedangkan jenis polimer yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah polyethylene, polypropylene, dan polyethylene terephthalate. Keberadaan mikroplastik berdampak terhadap penurunan kualitas tanah, gangguan pertumbuhan tanaman, penurunan fungsi ekologis organisme terestrial, serta berpotensi berpindah melalui rantai pangan hingga meningkatkan risiko paparan pada manusia yang dapat menyebabkan gangguan kemampuan berpikir, mengingat, dan mengambil keputusan.
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